Pharmacological Treatment Of Psychiatric - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Examine About The Pharmacological Treatment Of Psychiatric? Answer Presentation: The exposition presents the reason for tension issue in individuals with the case definition utilizing the 5P model for Greg. The significant issue in Greg is sentiments of uneasiness and worry for an extensive stretch of time and the recognizable proof of a few factors behind the issue has assisted with talking about the best treatment alternatives for Greg. The viability of the treatment is resolved with help from important exploration writings. Introducing issues for Greg The contextual investigation is about Greg, a multi year elderly person with the accompanying introducing issues: Sentiments of stress and uneasiness: Greg has been seen as experiencing tension since the previous a half year and as of now he has been going to guiding meetings to deal with his sentiments of nervousness. Till now, he has gone to three directing meetings. Restless about mingling: His sentiments of stress and nervousness increment when he meets new individuals. His heart begins to pulsate quickly. He is thinking that its hard to adapt to such circumstances. Subsequently, he attempts to get away from such difficulty either by leaving the spot early or not associating by any means. Influenced by his dads elevated standard from his kids: Greg is of the conclusion that his dad, Terry has elevated standards from his youngsters. In spite of the fact that Terry never reprimanded him, anyway Greg feels that his dad gave a disillusioned look when he failed to meet expectations at school. Abhorrence for spot of habitation: Gregs family lived in open country, yet Greg move to Melbourne as his familys enthusiasm for sports and network occasions and he despised games. Unsatisfied with profession movement: Another issue for Greg was that he was that he changes many occupation job and he expected that he ought to be in an a lot higher situation at this point. He attempted to contrast his profession tasks and his different partners who were in administrative jobs. This has brought down his certainty and he has now quit going after new positions now in view of outrageous nervousness before the meeting and dread of having negative understanding. No sentimental relationship: Greg is gay, anyway he has not yet dated somebody. Much the same as mingling and going to interviews, he likewise discovers dating as upsetting. Yet, he has aim to be in a drawn out relationship. Zones requiring more data The contextual analysis has given enough insight regarding the customer, anyway there are as yet numerous zones where more data is required. These incorporates: Explanations behind Gregs uneasiness in mingling: Greg has detailed about expanded uneasiness while associating with new individuals. In any case, there is uncertain data with respect to the reason for his tension. It may be conceivable that he has a contrary encounter during associating previously or he attempted to avoid mingling since individuals examined him regarding his life and vocation. He isn't content with his profession and it may be conceivable that he dreaded mingling since individuals would get some information about his vocation execution. In this way, in the following advising meeting, thinking about the reason for nervousness in social circumstance would be a need. Terrys desire towards Greg: Greg had quickly communicated in the past advising meetings that his dad has exclusive requirements from his youngsters and his dad gave a baffled look when he didn't performed well in his investigations. In this viewpoint, more data is expected to discover what was Terrys desire from Greg along separated from his different kin. It may be conceivable that his dad anticipated something from him and Greg followed some totally unique methodology towards life. Consequently, thinking about this is likewise basic to comprehend Gregs state of mind. Clear profession objective of Greg: Gregs concern with respect to his poor movement in vocation additionally brings numerous inquiries. Right off the bat, he has not expressed what is his definite profession objectives. He has been secured to switch his position a great deal of time and it may be conceivable that he is befuddled with respect to what position he need. Besides, as his different associates have arrived at the administrative position, at that point it is important to think about his activity execution and responsibility towards the work. This is significant on the grounds that poor employment execution may be influencing his examination procedure. Knowing the purposes behind his absence of certainty is likewise essential since it may be conceivable that he didn't have sufficient employment abilities to be given a senior job. Case detailing utilizing the 5P model The utilization of 5P model assists with conceptualizing a case by breaking down the beginnings for his trouble. This should be possible by getting informations with respect to introducing issues, inclining factors, hastening factors, perpectuating factors and defensive components of customer. The instance of Greg has been detailed with the utilization of 5P Introducing issues: Extreme uneasiness, dread of socialization sentiments of stress, poor profession in ones capacity and dread understanding of negative issues in meet is the current issue for Greg. His condition has disintegrated on the grounds that his sentiments of stress and uneasiness is seen during social collaboration, yet in addition during interviews and going for dating as well. Inclining factors: The inclining factors that may be influencing Gregs emotional well-being is his general demeanor towards life and relationship objectives. He has been found to have negative discernments or thoughts in significant aspects of his life. Exploration has likewise demonstrated that character characteristics like intensity, hostility and cynicism expands danger of stress and uneasiness (Staab et al., 2014). Inclining factors: Little is thought about the elements that has activated uneasiness and worry in Greg. It may be cause by mix of things like character factors, distressing occasions throughout everyday life, negative educational experience or poor physical sound (Asselmann et al., 2016). Family ancestry of states of mind may likewise be a reason for emotions restless. Perpectuating factors: The need to associate with individuals and attempting to arrive at same situation in work as others are the perpectuating factors that showcasing it hard for Greg to adapt his pressure and tension. Defensive elements: Protective factor is identified with the help of the family, individual or the more extensive network in supporting patients to manage unpleasant occasions. If there should arise an occurrence of Greg, no such defensive variables exist who bolster him in managing the issue. Conversation of treatment alternatives and method of reasoning for picked treatment The primary issue found in Greg is outrageous nervousness and there are numerous treatment alternatives accessible to address the issues. This incorporates pharmacological intercessions, intellectual conduct treatment, private treatment or recovery and reciprocal and elective medicines. Baldwin et al., (2014) examined with respect to various proof based pharmacological treatment accessible for uneasiness issue. A few classes of energizer drugs has been discovered compelling in patients with nervousness issue, anyway there is low proof to demonstrate the viability these medications for treatment of patients with mellow types of uneasiness. Besides, numerous self improvement and integral methodologies, for example, utilization of web based instructive sources is likewise favored by certain patients due to imperfect impact of pharmacological or mental treatment. The survey of proof based examinations around there has demonstrated that viability of self improvement gathering is high just when point by point guidance is followed being used of self improvement manuals (Baldwin et al., 2014). The board of intense tension is additionally done by pharmacological or mental medicines. For example, a near report broke down psychological social treatment and psychodynamic treatment in the treatment of stress issue demonstrated that both methodology is similarly valuable in lessening manifestations of nervousness iin patients anyway cost adequacy of both expected to decided when choosing to picked any of the treatment choices for a licenses (Levi et al. 2016). Exploration additionally demonstrated that mental medicines can be joined with drugs like clomipramine when more adequacy is required in brief timeframe (Baldwin et al., 2014). For rewarding Greg, proof based mental treatment is favored over pharmacological treatment considering patients inclination for such treatment. As both mental treatment and prescription treatment have some degree of viability, the examination looking at patients inclination for mental versus pharmacological treatment has demonstrated that 75% patients incline toward mental treatment (McHugh et al., 2013). To guarantee that Greg promptly acknowledge the treatment, psychological conduct treatment has been explicitly picked as far as its cost-viability just as valuable wellbeing result for patients. The examination concentrate by Dear et al., (2015) demonstrated about the viability and cost adequacy of custom fitted web based psychological social treatment by an investigation with essential consideration members with tension issue. All members were randomized to treatment or control gathering and following one year development, it was discovered that psychological conduct treatment decr eased the all out expense of treatment contrasted with control gathering. Also, as far as long haul results as well, noteworthy enhancements in proportions of wretchedness and stress were seen. Subsequently, utilization of subjective conduct treatment approach is probably going to advance recuperation and address the issue in Greg. Treatment plan Psychological conduct treatment (CBT) is a present moment and objective arranged psychotherapeutic intercession that utilizes critical thinking way to deal with change perspectives and practices of patients. If there should be an occurrence of Greg, CBT approach will be applied to change Gregs disposition and conduct by concentrating on his musings, convictions and mentalities. Subsequently, the fundamental objective of the treatment plan is to alter the intellectual procedure of the individual to assist him with adapting to the sentiments of tension (Seligman Ollendick, 2011).Weekly meeting will be taken with Greg going on for 50 minutes length and the treatment will areas for a half year to improve indications of customer. One of

Advance Business Communication Commodities and Services

Question: Depict about the Advance Business Communication for Commodities and Services. Answer: Contextual analysis 1 Organization Background Enron was an American organization which was in the field of vitality, wares and administrations. The organization was established in the time of 1985 after the merger between Houston Natural Gas and InterNoth. The organization used to be one of the significant organizations in the field of power, gaseous petrol, correspondence and mash and paper. Notwithstanding, the organization was engaged with a gigantic monetary embarrassment and accordingly, the organization become bankrupt (Markham 2015). Examination and Reason for Failure Enron become bankrupt due some major monetary and bookkeeping reasons. One of the purpose behind Enrons ruin was the income acknowledgment procedure of the organization. rather than utilizing the Agent model for revealing incomes, the organization used to report the whole vale of exchanges as income. This is the explanation behind which the incomes of the organization will in general increment surprisingly step by step (Abdel-Khalik 2016). The acquaintance of imprint with advertise bookkeeping was a mix-up for the organization. After the acquaintance of imprint with showcase, the practicality and expenses of the agreements were hard to gauge and the financial specialists and partners of the organization were given bogus and misdirecting data. Corporate administration was another purpose behind the disappointment of the organization. It was accounted for that the top managerial staff of the organization was engaged with unlawful exchange practices to increase a lot of compensation alo ngside the inspectors of the organization (McLean and Elkind 2013). The evaluators of the organization were censured and charged for the review results. These are the fundamental purposes behind the breakdown of Enron. Notwithstanding, there are different explanations for the breakdown like increment in the official pay, moral and policy driven issues and others (Jones and Stanton 2013). End and Recommendation From the above conversation, it tends to be seen that the fundamental issue behind the breakdown of Enron is the bookkeeping and reviewing reasons. In this way, it is prescribed that the organizations needs to keep up and set up the money related report according to the rule of the particular authority of the nation. Then again, the evaluators must recollect that they ought not work together with the governing body for their own advantages. The reviewers are here to spare the open intrigue and they ought to do that according to the rules. These are the suggestion in regard to the Enron breakdown. Contextual investigation 1 Organization Background ABC Learning was an Australian organization which was the universes biggest supplier of the early instruction for youngsters. The organization was established in the time of 1988 and the headquarter of the organization was at Brisbane, Australia. The organization was engaged with some gigantic outrages and subsequently, ABC Learning was willful exchanged in the time of 2009. From that point forward, the organization was gained by Goodstart Early Learning. At the present time, it has in excess of 600 early learning habitats all over Australia. It was an open organization and was recorded in the Australian Stock Exchange (Sumsion 2012). Examination and Reason for Failure There were different issues behind the breakdown of ABC Learning. The organization couldn't reimburse its obligations and accordingly, it sold its whole United Kingdom auxiliary and sold 60% of its United States auxiliaries. The Stock cost of the organization tumbled to $0.54 from $8.62 (Ross, Sy and Tinker 2012). The organization confronted enormous discussion over the bookkeeping rehearses embraced by the organization. The contention was about the advantage valuation technique. There are two sorts of advantages valuation techniques; they are recorded expense and reasonable worth. The worth can't surpasses the estimation of recoverable resources. Notwithstanding, the estimation of advantages surpassed the estimation of recoverable resources (Christakis and Christakis 2012). There are other explanation for the breakdown like the over multifaceted nature, poor dynamic procedure by the administration of the organization and others. The corporate administration procedure of the organiza tion was not viable. Then again, the classified information and data were uncovered for individual purposes. The directorate and the top level supervisors of the organization abused the force given to them. Forceful development methodology was another explanation added to the breakdown of the organization (Galloway 2016). End and Recommendation According to the above examination, a portion of the proposals are given. Most importantly, it is suggested that the acknowledgment procedure of the incomes must be legitimate and successful. It is prescribed that the organizations need to concentrate on the center exercises of the association so as to pick up the ideal development of the association. The budgetary situation of the organization is the strength of the organization and this is the reason the financials of the organization should be recorded in a legitimate manner. It is prescribed that the organizations need to execute viable corporate administration systems so as to set up coordination in the association. References Abdel-Khalik, A.R., 2016. How Enron Used Accounting for Prepaid Commodity Swaps to Delay Bankruptcy for One Decade: The Untold Story.Available at SSRN 2747119. Christakis, E. also, Christakis, N.A., 2012. Harvard Cheating Scandal: Is Academic Dishonesty on the Rise?.Time ideas,4. Galloway, C., 2016. Emergency Communication Research in Australia.The Handbook of International Crisis Communication Research,43, p.337. Jones, M.J. also, Stanton, P., 2013. Enron Cartoons: Accounting in the Spotlight. In K. Kokubu, N.N. Sawabe and M. Sakaue eds.,,Seventh Asia Pacific Interdisciplinary Research in Accounting Conference(p. 136). Kobe: The APIRA Conference Committee. Markham, J.W., 2015.A Financial History of the United States: From Enron-Era Scandals to the Subprime Crisis (2004-2006); From the Subprime Crisis to the Great Recession (2006-2009). Routledge. McLean, B. furthermore, Elkind, P., 2013.The most intelligent folks in the room: The astonishing ascent and shameful fall of Enron. Penguin. Ross, P., Sy, A. what's more, Tinker, T., 2012. ABC Learning: bookkeeping exercises never learned?.International Journal of Critical Accounting,4(1), pp.21-29. Sumsion, J., 2012. ABC Learning and Australian early training and care: a review moral review of a radical experiment.Childcare markets nearby and worldwide: would they be able to convey a fair assistance, pp.209-225.

How To Find Credible Sources Online

How To Find Credible Sources Online How To Find Credible Sources Online How To Find Credible Sources Online The internet is a wonderful tool. There is practically an infinite amount of information on there, on every conceivable subject. You just type in your search term into a search engine, like Google, and the search results appear, showing you all the websites that contain information relevant to your search term. Its a truly great thing. But like anything great, there is a downside. The downside is that the information, in all its abundancy, can come from any source, reliable or not. It is what you would call the unregulated wild west of the virtual world. A common criticism is that you cant trust online sources, which is certainly true to a large extent but not true in the absolute sense. You just have to figure out how to best access the reliable sources. Doing so is a combination of critical thinking and knowing where to look. Critical thinking is much harder to explain, so lets just focus on the academic and professional sources which can, by default, be assumed to be reliable, and how to find these sources. First, look for college and university websites. They usually have publications and online educational material that anyone can access. Look for material written by academics that are knowledgeable in their subject area. Plus, find material that is peer reviewed if possible, such as journal papers. This adds to its reliability. Next, look at government websites representing government agencies (such as Statistics Canada). These agencies are tax-payer funded which means they have high accountability and reliability standards that must be upheld with regards to the information they disseminate. To find information from these two kinds of websites, you can either go directly to the websites and search for the information there, or you can use a search engine to find the information. For example, if you want to find articles on turbines from the NASA website you would enter this into Google: site:http://www.nasa.gov turbines. This would find turbine related webpages on the NASA website. The general format here is: site:(website URL) (search term). Another technique is to only search for PDF documents. Peer reviewed papers and journals are often in PDF format. You can search for these by entering this into Google: filetype:pdf (search term). But again, check the authors and see who they work for. Its generally better to have authors who dont have a conflict of interest, such as those who work for private companies. At Homework Help Canada, we have access to the most reliable online sources. So when you have a job you need done that requires a lot of good source material, such as a research paper or essay, we have that available. You can be sure that the content we create is both properly sourced and properly cited according to the format you need. Get in touch with us today. References: How to evaluate website content. (2015, August 4). The University of Edinburgh. Retrieved August 24, 2015, from evaluating-websites How To Find Credible Sources Online How To Find Credible Sources Online How To Find Credible Sources Online The internet is a wonderful tool. There is practically an infinite amount of information on there, on every conceivable subject. You just type in your search term into a search engine, like Google, and the search results appear, showing you all the websites that contain information relevant to your search term. Its a truly great thing. But like anything great, there is a downside. The downside is that the information, in all its abundancy, can come from any source, reliable or not. It is what you would call the unregulated wild west of the virtual world. A common criticism is that you cant trust online sources, which is certainly true to a large extent but not true in the absolute sense. You just have to figure out how to best access the reliable sources. Doing so is a combination of critical thinking and knowing where to look. Critical thinking is much harder to explain, so lets just focus on the academic and professional sources which can, by default, be assumed to be reliable, and how to find these sources. First, look for college and university websites. They usually have publications and online educational material that anyone can access. Look for material written by academics that are knowledgeable in their subject area. Plus, find material that is peer reviewed if possible, such as journal papers. This adds to its reliability. Next, look at government websites representing government agencies (such as Statistics USA). These agencies are tax-payer funded which means they have high accountability and reliability standards that must be upheld with regards to the information they disseminate. To find information from these two kinds of websites, you can either go directly to the websites and search for the information there, or you can use a search engine to find the information. For example, if you want to find articles on turbines from the NASA website you would enter this into Google: site:http://www.nasa.gov turbines. This would find turbine related webpages on the NASA website. The general format here is: site:(website URL) (search term). Another technique is to only search for PDF documents. Peer reviewed papers and journals are often in PDF format. You can search for these by entering this into Google: filetype:pdf (search term). But again, check the authors and see who they work for. Its generally better to have authors who dont have a conflict of interest, such as those who work for private companies. At Homework Help USA, we have access to the most reliable online sources. So when you have a job you need done that requires a lot of good source material, such as a research paper or essay, we have that available. You can be sure that the content we create is both properly sourced and properly cited according to the format you need. Get in touch with us today. References: How to evaluate website content. (2015, August 4). The University of Edinburgh. Retrieved August 24, 2015, from evaluating-websites

Economic Tools and Concepts - 1133 Words

Economic Tools and Concepts Michelle HCS/552 University of Phoenix September 3, 2012 Professor Hamilton Economic Tools and Concepts The focus of this paper is to present economic tools and concepts pertaining to a health care issue. The issue is nursing shortage. Nursing shortage is an ongoing issue for the health care system. A supply and demand curve will be presented on the issue of nursing shortage. A marginal analysis will be presented. These tools are designed to explore and evaluate the nursing shortage. Registered nurses (RN) are the largest group of health care professionals in the United States, strengthening the entire health care delivery system (Caron, 2004). It is†¦show more content†¦73). These efforts also are to improve the nursing shortage crisis. Marginal Analysis Organization need to understand how a nursing shortage affects the quality of care and the perception of the organization. A market analysis is a way determining how many nurses and what resources are needed to produce high quality care for the patients. â€Å"Marginal analysis is most effective in the setting of an accurate and valid production possible frontier (PPF) or curve† (Jones Yoder, 2010, p. 45). As an administrator for the nursing units, this would entail assessing the number of nurses on duty with the volume of care provided to evaluate the efficiency of the unit. â€Å"Efficiency in medical care is not just a matter of technical excellence and minimizing the cost of production. More often, it depends on how much is produced and which patient gets treated† (Getzen, 2007, p. 27). Organizations need this understanding to maintain the expectations of the patients. Patients expect high quality service, and it is an organization responsibility to provide such re sources to get the service done. Patients do not want to hear about understaffing, they just want their needs met. Marginal analysis provides the assessment of the organizations resource inputs and production outputs.Show MoreRelatedEconomic Tool and Concepts1121 Words   |  5 PagesEconomic Tool and Concepts HCS/552 August 19, 2013 Economic Tool and Concepts The health care industry has been experience for many century the shortage of nurses. It is perceive by the health care industry the shortage of nursing supply than the demand across the country. The demand for nurses in every health care organization growth in a daily basic as the technology advance. The consumers are always demanding for more personalize and quality of health care services at the time they areRead MoreEssay on Economic Tools and Concepts1606 Words   |  7 PagesEconomic Tools and Concepts As one leader in the free world more money is spent on health care in this country than any other industrialized nation. The major expense to the health care system is managing chronic diseases and illnesses. 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Analysis Of Peter Fleming s Dead Man Working - 968 Words

Dead Man Working Carl Cederstorm and Peter Fleming have strong opinions regarding capitalism and how corporations are slowly taking over the world. Everyone is living in inequality and they don’t even know it. Corporations have so many things to distract everyone and make everyone apathetic about the real problems going on in society. We are living in a society where rich people keep getting richer and everyone else stays where they are. Corporations are demoralizing workers and turning them into a robot. For example, in a biographical essay by Rob Lucas, he talks about how even in his sleep, he is thinking about his work as a computer programmer. He calls this â€Å"sleep working† and says that he is always â€Å"dreaming up solutions to complex†¦show more content†¦The only way to not become a dead man working in society is to be dead. Privately owned corporations are taking over society and making workers’ lives meaningless, joyless, and hopeless. In other words, capitalism is turning everyone into dead men working. Workers today are people who exist between life and death because everyone lives in a â€Å"repetitive loop of work and consumption.† Workers no longer have a passion for what they do. Workers go to work to earn money, and then use that money to buy things for their kids or spend it on holidays. Jobs today tell you to be yourself, but in reality, they only say that to sou nd nice. As soon as you start the job, you have to transform into a whole another person to fit their criteria. That is why workers today are people between life and death. Workers are physically there, but they are all mentally gone. Capitalism had created the circumstances that maker worker’s lives so meaningless, joyless, and hopeless. Capitalism has turned workers into their job. It has transformed everyone from a person to a thing. Every worker is known by their job and is their job. Every worker adapts and loses their self-identity for a job. In our everyday life, we compensate many things to get over the sense of â€Å"death† or desperation. According to the text, â€Å"The things in life we could look forward to,

Night Creature Dark Moon Chapter Thirty-Four Free Essays

string(124) " had killed his own child – my mother – then raised me as a charity case, without love or affection or honesty\." â€Å"You raised witchie wolves to bring the Jger-Suchers to Fairhaven?† â€Å"Of course not. There’s a reason for everything I’ve done. When the dark moon comes, all will be clear. We will write a custom essay sample on Night Creature: Dark Moon Chapter Thirty-Four or any similar topic only for you Order Now † â€Å"As mud,† I muttered. â€Å"I knew you’d come to Edward. Then I’d have to get the others to leave so you’d be alone.† Lydia spread her hands. â€Å"Werewolves popping up all over the place, and wham, the good doctor is on her own.† â€Å"But I’m – â€Å" â€Å"Not. I know. I didn’t figure on the FBI showing up and refusing to leave. Some idiot werewolf again – giving the Feds a tip, trying to screw up your life and instead screwing up mine. Heads are going to roll once I’m in charge.† I could imagine. Lydia glanced at the sky, then into the trees. â€Å"Come on.† She shoved me farther into the ravine. As we walked through the sleeping ghost wolves, they awoke and milled around our legs. The sensation was creepy – like a chilly brush of wind that scrambled straight through my bones. A rustle from the forest was followed by the murmur of voices, the measured tread of human feet. Edward and Nic pushed their way through the brambles at the edge of the clearing. They gaped at the witchie wolves. Their ability to see them made me uneasy. When they caught sight of Lydia, they pointed their weapons at her head. â€Å"Just in time to watch the show.† She put a knife to my throat. Silver, it burned like fire. Smoke rose in an unpleasant stream in front of my face. â€Å"We will kill her to get to you,† Edward murmured. â€Å"It is our way.† â€Å"Not my way.† Nic stepped forward and the ground shifted. The witchie wolves howled so loudly my ears rang, then as one they stood and encircled the ravine. Nic’s cell phone rang, the sound shrill and alien in the warm, waiting silence. â€Å"Could be Will,† I managed. With information that wasn’t crap. Nic punched the on button. â€Å"Stay out of the woods.† I heard Will’s voice as clearly as if the phone were pressed to my ear. This increased-power deal was very handy. â€Å"Too late,† Nic said. Will cursed. â€Å"Definitely stay away from that ravine where most of the bodies are buried. The greatest concentration of spiritual power is there. The witchies will protect that ground, since it was by far the most desecrated. It’s where they’ll come to power.† â€Å"In two weeks?† Nic asked. † ‘Fraid not. In some legends the dark moon is when the moon is new. In others, the dark moon shares the sky with the sun. The moon is always there, you just can’t see it in the daytime.† â€Å"The dark moon is now,† I whispered. Nic’s gaze met mine. Understanding filled his eyes, and his grip tightened on the phone. â€Å"The witchie wolf army can’t be killed,† Will continued. â€Å"They’re already dead. You need to stop Lydia from†¦ whatever it is she’s going to do.† â€Å"How?† Nic asked. â€Å"The most powerful shaman commands them.† â€Å"Lydia’s not an Indian.† â€Å"Shit,† I muttered, as I remembered Will’s explanation about shamans. â€Å"Blood has nothing to do with it.† â€Å"You’re wrong.† Lydia pricked my neck. â€Å"Blood has everything to do with it.† The ground trembled, and Lydia released me. I spun as she lifted the talisman, marked with my blood, toward the sun-drenched sky. â€Å"Blood to the earth, flesh to the flesh, spirits arise.† â€Å"Go!† I shouted to the others. â€Å"Run.† Nic snorted. â€Å"I don’t think so.† â€Å"I live for this,† Edward said. The two started forward, and the witchie wolves snarled. Both men shot at the nearest wolf. Their bullets went right through the bodies and into the ground. â€Å"Uh-oh,† Nic muttered. Together they turned their weapons on Lydia and the wolves charged. â€Å"No!† I shouted, but they didn’t seem to hear. Instead they knocked the men to the grass. Considering how the bullets had gone through them, the witchies were awfully solid. One wolf sat on each of their chests, while two others yanked their weapons away and dragged them into the trees. â€Å"Keep everyone out.† Lydia lowered her arms. â€Å"Now it’s just you and me.† The witchie wolves howled. â€Å"And them. They want to be led. They don’t know what to do all alone.† Lydia inched closer. â€Å"I need more blood. I’m thinking, all of it.† Fury shot through me. What good were years of ly-canthropy if I couldn’t defeat one crazy witch? With anger came strength, and energy rumbled along my skin like a flaming wind. I couldn’t prevent the growl that tickled my throat from coming out of my mouth. The sun was shining. I should not feel the call of the moon, but I did. â€Å"Don’t fight it,† Lydia murmured. â€Å"Shift. In the daylight. You’ll feel a whole lot better.† â€Å"That is what she wants,† Edward shouted. â€Å"Do not do it.† Lydia’s laughter tickled my spine like a feather. â€Å"Aren’t you tired of him telling you what to do?† â€Å"No,† I lied. â€Å"If you knew everything there was to know, you’d change your mind.† â€Å"I doubt that.† â€Å"Let’s find out.† I blinked, and she was gone. â€Å"Do you know who your mother was?† Her voice seemed to come from everywhere. The trees, the sky. Where the hell was she? â€Å"She was a werewolf,† I answered. â€Å"Edward killed her.† â€Å"Yes, but do you know why?† â€Å"She was a werewolf.† â€Å"Not why he killed her; why she was a werewolf?† â€Å"Bitten.† â€Å"Because of who her father was.† My mother’s father. My grandfather. Who had he been? I’d never asked. No one had ever offered. I was an orphan, my entire family wiped out by werewolves. Maybe that was true. Then again, maybe it wasn’t. â€Å"They came after him, but they found her.† Lydia’s whisper was like a serpent hissing in my ear. â€Å"Death was too easy after all he’d done. Edward arrived too late to save his daughter, but he managed to save you.† I glanced in his direction. The witchie wolves had moved back, allowing Edward and Nic to sit up but not to stand. The old man stared across the ravine. One look was all it took to see the truth. Edward Mandenauer had killed his own child – my mother – then raised me as a charity case, without love or affection or honesty. You read "Night Creature: Dark Moon Chapter Thirty-Four" in category "Essay examples" I couldn’t believe even he could be so cruel. â€Å"That’s it.† Lydia’s voice tempted me. â€Å"Get mad. Get very, very mad. Shift in the daylight. Imagine the power.† â€Å"How do you know so much?† I managed, my voice more a beast’s than a woman’s. â€Å"My grandmother and Edward were†¦ close.† â€Å"Maria?† â€Å"Maria was his wife. My grandmother knew him first, loved him best, but then he left her in the lab with Mengele and married Maria, a slut from the city. Granny made sure she discovered all of Edward’s secrets. Which she shared with me.† Fury, red, hot, and bubbling, bolted through my blood, giving me strength, lending me focus, a clarity beyond anything I’d ever known. I felt the moon, despite the sun, because the moon was there, but it was dark. Opening my mind, I embraced the ebony sheen. I welcomed the darkness, both in the sky and in me. My hands became paws, claws shooting from my fingertips like razor blades. The hearing, the sight, the speed of a wolf was mine. When she spoke again, I was ready. â€Å"Secrets are always useful. Eventually.† My arms shot out. A pained gasp whistled through the ravine. I opened my eyes and saw her. My claws around her throat, I’d made kind of a mess. She wasn’t going to die from that wound, but she sure was going to bleed. She moved her mouth, pointed at her throat. I was loath to release her in case she disappeared. Wait a minute. Why didn’t she disappear? As if in slow motion, I watched a drop of blood fall through the air, soak into the dirt, as the witchie wolves howled. The ground rippled like water, then spilled outward like the Red Sea. I saw skulls and bones unearthed. Talk about desecration. Blood to the earth, flesh to the flesh, spirits arise. That damn incantation. I looked at the witchie wolves. They were really wolves now. I could no longer see through them, and according to Will, they were unstoppable. Lydia began to struggle, and her peasant blouse shifted, revealing the talisman. â€Å"Mine,† I growled. Tangling a paw through the loop, I yanked, then tossed Lydia across the ravine. She hit the ground and lay still. Suddenly everything was quiet. I glanced at the others. Edward winced. I looked at Nic. He pointed toward his eyes, wiggled his fingers. My eyes, my hands, were still wolf, so I took a deep breath, imagined myself human, and I was. The talisman’s rope was wrapped around my wrist. I left it there. â€Å"I have never seen such a thing in all of my life.† Edward stared at the witchie wolves. They were frozen, uncertain. Nic crossed the ground in four quick steps and yanked me into his arms. Edward went straight to Lydia. â€Å"Is it over?† Nic asked, his lips against my hair. â€Å"Not quite.† Billy strode into the ravine, along with several other men. I recognized them. The werewolves from the basement disarmed Edward. â€Å"Is there anyone not after you?† Edward snapped. Before I could answer, Billy grabbed Nic by the back of the neck and tossed him away as easily as I’d tossed Lydia. â€Å"I promised you the flesh of the Jger-Suchers,† Billy said. â€Å"Take him, too.† I started to go after Nic, and Billy backhanded me across the face. â€Å"It’s our time now.† Before I could think, concentrate, shift as I’d done with Lydia, Billy hit me again. Then he grabbed me around the waist, yanked me against him and kissed me, sucking the blood from my lips. The guy was just not right in the head. I struggled, but Billy was both a very large, muscular man and an ancient and powerful werewolf. He lifted his head and stared into my face. â€Å"I’ve been waiting so long for this.† I closed my eyes against the madness in his. I couldn’t feel the moon, couldn’t concentrate past my fear. His body against mine, his scent filled my nose. His teeth nibbled at my throat as his hands clutched my breasts. There was no way I could focus well enough to marshal the power needed to defeat him, and Billy knew it. Sounds of a battle rose nearby. Edward was fighting the basement werewolves for his life, and I couldn’t help. â€Å"I knew you’d kick Lydia’s ass,† Billy said. â€Å"Then I’d kick yours, and the army would be mine.† A chill trickled over my skin. Billy in charge of the witchie wolf army? The world would no longer be fit for anyone or anything. I doubted he’d care. â€Å"The witchie wolves.† The voice was Nic’s – faint, groggy, but alive. Billy snarled and turned toward him. â€Å"No.† I grabbed Billy’s arm. He punched me, right in the nose, and I flew across the ravine, hitting the ground so hard my teeth rattled. But I’d gotten my wish, he came after me instead of Nic. I tried to get up, but my head spun. My nose bled. My teeth felt loose. Billy grabbed me by the shirt and slammed me into the ground. â€Å"Lydia was right. I’ll just do you when you’re dead.† He wrapped his huge hands around my throat. â€Å"You’ll be a lot less trouble that way, and really, I could care less what I fuck.† I tried to speak, but he was squeezing too hard, so I grabbed his fingers and pulled. He laughed. â€Å"You aren’t strong enough. You never were. Hell, you killed me once, and it didn’t stick. You’ll never get another chance.† â€Å"You’re wrong,† I managed. â€Å"I am stronger.† Billy smirked and released me. â€Å"Prove it.† I didn’t have to fight him. Nic’s words had made me remember. Only the most powerful shaman commanded the witchie wolf army. But a shaman’s power had nothing to do with physical strength and everything to do with magic, mystery, and belief. I captured the icon between my fingers. Either this worked, or we all died. â€Å"Kill him,† I whispered. Then, as the witchie wolves howled and understanding rolled over Billy’s face, everything went black. How to cite Night Creature: Dark Moon Chapter Thirty-Four, Essay examples

John Coltrane Essay Example For Students

John Coltrane Essay This phrase, from the liner notes of My Favorite Things clearly defines Coltranes life and his search for the incorporation of his spirituality with his music. John Coltrane was not only an essential contributor to jazz, but also music itself. John Coltrane died thirty-two years ago, on July 17, 1967, at the age of forty. In the years since, his influence has only grown, and the stellar avant-garde saxophonist has become a jazz legend of a stature shared only by Louis Armstrong and Charlie Parker. As an instrumentalist Coltrane was technically and imaginatively equal to both; as a composer he was superior, although he has not received the recognition he deserves for this aspect of his work. In composition he excelled in an astonishing number of forms blues, ballads, spirituals, rhapsodies, elegies, suites, and free-form and cross-cultural works. The closest contemporary analogy to Coltranes relentless search for possibilities was the Beatles redefinition of rock from one album to the next. Yet the distance they traveled from conventional hard rock through sitars and Baroque obligatos to Sergeant Pepper psychedelia and the musical shards of Abbey Road seems short by comparison with Coltranes journey from hard-bop saxist to daring harmonic and modal improviser to dying prophet speaking in tongues. Asked by a Swedish disc jockey in 1960 if he was trying to play what you hear, he said that he was working off set harmonic devices while experimenting with others of which he was not yet certain. Although he was trying to get the one essential . . . he one single line, he felt forced to play everything, for he was unable to work what I know down into a more lyrical line that would be easily understood. Coltrane never found the one line. Nor was he ever to achieve the more beautiful . . . more lyrical sound he aspired to. He complicated rather than simplified his art, making it more visceral, raw, and wild. And even to his greatest fans it was anything but easily understood. In this failure, however, Coltrane contributed far more than he could have in success, for above all, his legacy to his followers is the abiding sense of search, of the musical quest as its own fulfillment. John William Coltrane was born September 23, 1926 in Hamlet, North Carolina to John and Alice Coltrane. Shortly after, he moved to Haig Point, North Carolina to live with his mothers father, the Reverend Walter Blaire. Walter Blaire would later on be a significant influence on Coltranes music and spirituality. Coltranes father, a tailor, served to be a source of Coltranes interest in music through his fathers ability to play the clarinet, violin, and various other instruments. Furthermore, Coltranes mother studied music. Both of Coltranes grandfathers were ministers; and through their worship services, Coltrane began to build his roots. Johns first encounters with music were through his father who played various instruments such as the violin, clarinet and ukulele. Other early influences included the religious music and preaching at his grandfathers community church. In 1938, his grandfather died and soon after, so did his father. At this time, Coltrane listened to the radio, which provided him with music by artists that would later become influences for his own music. These artists included Woody Herman, Lester Young, Johnny Hodges and Artie Shaw. At the age of 15, Coltrane began playing and studying the E-flat alto horn, the clarinet, and the saxophone at William Penn High School Orchestra, while listening to such artists as Woody Herman, Lester Young, and Thelonious Monk. It was in high school when John had his first girlfriend. Johns friend Franklin was interested in one girl, but John stole her away with his music playing. Her name was Dorthea Nelson. John had many classes with her. He used to whistle phrases to her from his clarinet. Of course, John got the girl. They were together for about a year until they broke up because she was moving away. Later in 1943, Coltrane moved to Philadelphia and studied under Mike Guerra at the Granoff Studios and the Ornstein School of Music. Mr. Granoff spoke the following of Coltrane: Very, very, few students . . . could do improvisations as this young man did. From the very moment that he learned his instrument, he wanted to revolutionize it. While enrolled in school, Coltrane worked at the local sugar refinery to help pay for debts. During the occurrence of World War II, Coltrane played with the US Navy Band; and afterwards in 1947, Coltrane returned to Philadelphia and began working around established musicians Jimmy Heath, Howard McGhee, Eddie Cleanhead Vinson, and Joe Webb in local bars and clubs. That same year, Coltrane performed in a show with Dizzy Gillespie and Charlie Parker. As a result of Coltranes impressive performance, he landed his first big gig with the Dizzy Gillespie band. Despite his first big gig, Coltrane lived his next few years in depression, drugs, and alcohol; however, he gathered the strength to seek rehabilitation. He later converted to Islam and got his life together. In 1950-1951, he continued to work with Dizzy in Dizzys sextet. Life was back to normal for Coltrane, but Coltrane reverted back to using drugs and eventually lost his job. He then joined the Earl Bostic Band and later began to work with Johnny Hodges, Jimmy Smith, and Bud Powell. Recognizing his addiction, Hodges recommended that Coltrane get professional guidance. The marriage of Coltrane in 1955 to Naima provided a special someone in his life. He came to wide notice in 1955 in the now legendary Miles Davis Quintet and was immediately acknowledged as an original or an oddity. Critics who in Coltranes last years all but waved banners to show their devotion to him were among those casting stones for much of his career. At first many urged Davis to fire the weird tenor, but when, in April of 1957, after a year and a half with the quintet, Coltrane left or was dropped (the truth remains unclear), the reason seems to have been indulgence not in stylistic extremism but in heroin and alcohol, problems he conquered that same year. The controversy had to do not only with his harmonic experimentation, on which Dexter Gordon was initially the chief influence, but with the speed (to some, purely chaotic) of his playing and the jaggedness (to some, unmusical) of his phrasing. All three characteristics were intensified in 1957 during several months with Thelonious Monk at the Five Spot, after which he rejoined Davis, who was now experimenting with sparer chord changes, and became fully involved in what Ira Gitler, in Down Beat, called the sheets of sound approach. This technique of runs so rapid as to make the notes virtually indistinguishable seems itself to have been a by-product of Coltranes harmonic exploration. Coltrane spoke of playing the same chord three or four different ways within a measure or overlapping chords before the change, advancing further the investigation of upper harmonic intervals begun by Charlie Parker and the boppers. Attempting to articulate so many harmonic variants before the change, Coltrane was necessarily led to preternatural velocity and occasionally to asymmetrical subdivision of the beat. Despite Daviss suggestion that Coltrane could trim his twenty-seven or twenty-eight choruses if he tried taking the saxophone out of his mouth, Coltranes attempt to explore all the avenues made him the perfect stylistic complement to Davis, with his cooler style, which featured sustained blue notes and brief cascades of sixteenths almost willfully retreating into silence, and also Monk, with his spare and unpredictable chords and clusters. Davis, characteristically, paid the tersest homage, when, on being told that his music was so complex that it required five saxophonists, he replied that hed once had Coltrane. In the late fifties Coltrane released a number of sessions for Prestige (and, more notably, Blue Train and Giant Steps for Blue Note and Atlantic respectively) in which he was the nominal bandleader. The only album John Coltrane recorded for Blue Note as a leader turned out to be one of his most rewarding statements, not to mention a highlight of Blue Notes recording history. Coltrane didnt stay in pure hard bop territory very long. He would soon after return to Miles Davis group to pursue modal-based jazz and continue on to explore Eastern motifs and free jazz. At the time of this recording, he was working in Thelonious Monks legendary Five Spot quartet. The frontline of Coltrane, trumpeter Lee Morgan, and trombonist Curtis Fuller is a hard bop fans dream. Pianist Kenny Drew supplies the blues and funk elements while Davis stalwarts Paul Chambers and Philly Joe Jones anchor the rhythm section. The opening blues of the title track shows just how far Coltrane had come since he began his first stint with Miles two years earlier. Even the simplest of blues structures provided enough room for Coltranes harmonic curiosity, his searing emotional flurries, and his sheets of sound approach. The buoyant original Moments Notice offers especially exuberant solos from all three hornmen plus a terrific arco (bowed) solo from Chambers. The fast blues Locomotion displays the leaders ability to mix jarring, seemingly off-key moans into a coherent blues progression. You can hear the difference between Coltranes ideas and the equally compelling but less adventurous solos from Morgan and Fuller. Despite all of the sharp, piercing tones elsewhere, Coltrane proves he can handle a ballad (Im Old Fashioned) with the utmost tenderness. Blue Train represents the best opportunity to hear Coltrane in a true, blowing- session context. While he reaches the heights of hard bop, you can also sense that he was eager to expand beyond its limitations. He would certainly do so in the near future. It was really after leaving Davis for the second time, in 1960, shortly after a European tour, that he came into his own as a creative as well as an interpretive force. His first recording session as leader after the break, on October 21, 1960, produced My Favorite Things, an astonishing fourteen-minute reinterpretation, or overhaul, of the saccharine show tune, which thrilled jazz fans with its Oriental modalism and Atlantic executives with its unexpected commercial success. In it Coltrane revived the straight soprano sax (whose only previous master in jazz had been Sidney Bechet), and in so doing led a generation of young musicians, from Wayne Shorter to Keith Jarrett to Jon Gibson, to explore the instrument. The work remained Coltranes signature piece until his death (of liver disease) despite bizarre stylistic metamorphoses in the next five and a half years. Coltrane signed with Impulse Records in April of 1961 and the next month began rehearsing and playing the long studio sessions for Africa/Brass, a large-band experiment with arrangements by his close friend Eric Dolphy. This was in part an extension of the modal experimentation in which he had been involved with Davis in the late fifties, notably on the landmark Kind of Blue. The modal style replaced chordal progressions as the basis for improvisation, with a slower harmonic rhythm and patterns of intervals corresponding only vaguely to traditional major and minor scales. The modal approach proved to be the modulation from bop to free jazz, as is clear in Coltranes revolutionary use of a single mode throughout Africa, the piece that takes up all of side one of the album. Colonialism In Nigeria EssayColtrane seems to suggest here that music in turn aspires to the condition of silence. Those who criticize Coltranes virtuosic profusion are of the same party as those who found Van Goghs canvases too full of paint a criticism Henry Miller once compared to the dismissal of a mystic as too full of God. In Coltrane, sound often discordant, chaotic, almost unbearablebecame the spiritual form of the man, an identification perhaps possible only with a wind instrument, with which the player is of necessity fused more intimately than with strings or percussion. This physical intimacy was all the more intense for his characteristically tight embouchure, the preternatural duration and complexity of his phrases, and his increasing use of overblowing techniques. The whole spectrum of Coltranes music the world-weary melancholy and transcendental yearning that ultimately recall Bach more than Parker, the jungle calls and glossolalic shrieks, the whirlwind runs and spare elegies for murdered children and a murderous planet is at root merely a suffering mans breath. The quality of that music reminds us that the root of the word inspiration is breathing upon. There are several things that are worth of noting about John Coltrane. One of them being his nickname Train. There are many explanations how it came into life, however, it has never been determined how exactly he got his nickname. It is known that Trane was given his nickname through an unknown person Many people have analyzed his nickname and they find it very fitting. Heres how the metaphor of a train fits his life. He was a man in control of himself (similar to the conductor of a train). He was always conscious of where came his roots or his heritage (a train has a starting point and a destination). He was self-disciplined and built his power and strength step by step (similar to how a trains speed increases as it moves along over time). He gradually increased his speed through enhancing this thoughts and his music. Even though there were some rough spots along the way, he made it safely to his destination and in good condition (sometimes the train ride is little bumpy or we get lost along the way, but in the end we get there safe and sound). Many people question whether it is true that Coltrane had problems with teeth. It is true. Johns teeth gave him a lot of trouble. His teeth problems came from eating too much sweet foods. He hated dentists, and he never went to them. There was one time he did go see a dentist. It took almost everyone in the office to hold him down when the drill got near. The down side was that his teeth problems made it hard for him to play some nights. Playing an instrument with bad teeth is a feat within itself. Instead of going to a dentist like he should have, John would drink or use drugs to dull the pain down. Coltranes contribution to Jazz cannot be described briefly. John Coltrane was unique in the way he approached music, and he broke many musical barriers during his lifetime. Coltranes influence continues through today. John Coltranes contribution to jazz was enormous, and each new generation of musicians will greatly be affected by what Coltrane and other jazz musicians have done so that they too may have an impact on jazz history. Jazz is a music of continuity, not repetition. There is continuity and progress. In an interview with Nat Hentoff, Coltrane stated the following: There is never any end . . . There are always new sounds to imagine, new feeling to get at. And always there is the need to keep purifying these feelings and sounds so that we can really see what weve discovered in its pure state. So that we can see more and more clearly what we are. In that way, we can give to those who listen the essence, the best of what we are. The continuity of Coltranes influence has been carried into present day. Coltranes works have been increasin gly used by acclaimed directors. His works can be heard in Spike Lees Mo Better Blues and Oliver Stones The Doors. This renewed interest can be attributed to the social and aesthetic concerns addressed by Coltrane and his music. In 1986, to honor the immense impact of Coltrane in both jazz and America, the Philadelphia Historic Commission designated Coltranes home on 33rd Street a historic building and a marker was erected on July 17, 1990 by the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission. Later in 1984, seven Philadelphia women formed the John W. Coltrane Cultural Society and incorporation took place in 1985. The societys major goals are the following: ? To develop and present workshops and other activities that will help young children achieve self-esteem and experience self-expression through the arts and culture. ? To make the cultural contributions of African Americans more visible and accessible to Philadelphia communities, especially through the techniques of storytelling and music. ? To inspire the preservation and study of jazz and its origins. ? To keep alive the memory of the life and works of John W. Coltrane The society also conducts lectures about John W. Coltrane and his life. Talks and video presentations on the life and works of Coltrane are given in the Coltrane home as well as in other facilities. Tours are conducted in the home which displays some memorabilia of the musician. Then on September 18, 1995, the United States Post Office issued a stamp bearing the picture of John Coltrane. And now more than 40 years later, labels have created the start of the sax giants career, with boxed sets, rare tapes and historic material, so that his memory and music will still live. Some more interesting facts from the life of John Coltrane, that are not very well known to general public, are worth, attention, too. Raisins and butter-rum lifesavers had replaced more insidious chemicals by the time he came into his own with Miles; and you could still hear his debt to Dexter Gordon between what came to be called his sheets of sound. In 1960, an interviewer for Swedish radio asked what he thought about critics calling his music aggressive. The answer came in his gentle voice: Maybe it sounds angry because Im trying to play so many things at one time. You see, I have a whole bag of things Im trying to acclimate my ear to hear. Im not familiar enough with them to play one single line so I try them all. Im trying to work through to the essential. Whitney Balliet wrote in The New Yorker: People said they heard the dark nights of the Negro in Coltranes wildest music, but what they really heard was a heroic and unique lyrical voice at the mercy of its own power. His explosive combination of spiritual energy and intellectual prowess went beyond success and even beyond music into the metaphysical. He studied Eastern religions, Islam, the Torah. He read books about mathematics, personal improvement, van Gogh, African history and yoga. His record collection included African, early English, Greek and Indian music. Adding seven bars in E minor and 23 in E major to My Favorite Things and playing it for 45 minutes made it sound more like a raga than a Rodgers and Hammerstein waltz. (This was several years before the Beatles went Indian on Norwegian Wood. ) He named one of his children Ravi. Improvisation was his vehicle for a search for self-knowledge, unity and the holy spirit. It led him to the Hindu concept of Om, which he defined as the first vibration that sound, that spirit which sets everything else into being. The longer he played, the more you wanted to hear. Once after a 30-minute solo accompanied by the surging time of Elvin Jones, McCoy Tyners insistent chords and Jimmy Garrisons muscular bass, Coltrane was driven to fall on his knees by the intensity of it all. A large baldheaded man wearing only a loin cloth ran up to the stage, raised his arms and shouted: Col-trane! The audience rose and shouted with him Col-trane! Col-trane! People kissed his hand as he walked out. He disliked being restricted by any sort of rules whatsoever. He told Wayne Shorter that he was trying to learn how to start in the middle of a sentence and move in both directions at the same time. About Schoenbergs 12-note system, he said: Damn the rules. Its the feeling that counts. You play all 12 notes anyway. He had not worn underwear since he was 18, and he once wore a pair of stylish but uncomfortable new shoes only long enough to show to his mother. Damn the rules. ) Musicians called him an angel and a saint. Freddie Hubbard said he felt kind when he was around him. The New York Daily News said he had the future coming out of his horn. He enjoyed puttering around the 12-room house he bought in Huntington, New York in 1965. (The constant vibration in the ground in Manhattan had bothered him. ) In music its the little things that count, he said. Like the way you build a house. You get all the little important things toget her and the whole thing will stand up. When not working he went to bed before 11 and awoke early to take care of his garden. He heard music in his dreams. Shopping with his wife, Alice, he would practice his flute in the supermarket. By this time, he was grossing $200,000 a year, a lot of money in the sixties. His houses in Philadelphia and New York were owned by Coltrane Realty. He drove a Jaguar. But he was not content with obvious rewards, he moved into a new joke phase with free- form musicians like Pharoah Sanders, Rashid Ali, Eric Dolphy and his wife Alice, a pianist. The audience requested Summertime and But Not For Me, old friends begged him to bring his music back inside. In 1966, toward the end of a three-hour tune, Jimmy Garrison, the only member of the original quartet left, picked up his bass and walked off the stage. You know, thats going to cost you a hundred dollars, Coltrane told him later. Garrison said it didnt matter because he could not figure out what was going on and wanted to leave anyway. James, I understand, Coltrane said. Its difficult for me too. But I cant do any more than what Im doing. John William Coltrane was a very hard working musician. He would practice ten to twelve hours a day, besides a number of performances that included a tour of Japan during the summer. It was just after returning from Japan that he died prematurely on July 17, 1967. The cause of death was liver cancer but it was probably a combination of overworking and alcohol. Coltrane remains the most influential jazz musician of the past 40 years. His expeditions on tenor saxophone stand as testament to his unbridled emotion and curiosity. The country has not produced a greater musician.

Julius Caesar - Brutus Vs Antony Essays - , Term Papers

Julius Caesar - Brutus vs Antony In Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare, two characters speak at Caesar's funeral. Caesar was just murdered by his best friend Brutus and the Conspirators. Brutus and Antony both speak at the funeral, but each had their own purpose and reason for doing so. Both speeches had their own unique way of addressing the crowd as well as differing styles. Therefore, differing effects on the crowd as a result of their differing styles and techniques.

Free Essays on Violence on Television

It often seems like everywhere one looks, violence rears its ugly head. We see it in the streets, back alleys, school, and even at home. The last of these is a major source of violence. In many peoples' living rooms there sits an outlet for violence that often goes unnoticed. It is the television, and the children who view it are often pulled into its realistic world of violence scenes with sometimes devastating results. Much research has gone into showing why children are so mesmerized by this big glowing box and the action that takes place within it. Research shows that it is definitely a major source of violent behavior in children. "Violence on television does lead to aggressive behavior" (Methvin 49). ‘Nearly four decades of research on television viewing have documented the almost universal exposure of children to high levels of media violence’ (Norris, 187). Violence is a component characteristic of many television programs and unfortunately our lives. Every day we tend to watch news, and every day we hear that people were killed, robbed or tortured. What factors cause those violent and aggressive behaviors? Among broad other reasons such as mental health, personal characteristics and economic status there is the violence in media that gives people those nonsensical ideas and inspiration. Violence on television affects the behavior of children who are watching it. In fact, violence on TV causes children to be increasingly violent, and the effects could be life-long. â€Å"Some psychologists and psychiatrists believe that continued exposure to violence can speed up the impact of the adult world on a child’s life† (Douglas Carter T. V. Violence and the Child). Exposure to violent material can force the child into a kind of premature maturity. It even could make the child have awkward approach to adult problems and they might even develop a desire not to become adults. There is a link between television violence and vi... Free Essays on Violence On Television Free Essays on Violence On Television In recent years there has been a major increase in the amount of violence aired on television and in films. For some movies like â€Å"Charlie’s Angels† and â€Å"Bad Boys†, the entire story involves violence and if the violent scenes were removed there wouldn’t be many scenes left. There has been a lot of criticism against violence in television especially in chldrens cartoons recently. Many psychologists believe that violent movies cause kids to become violent. There have been a number of attempts to show a direct relation between violence and criminal activity. Many of these are biased as the criminals who are interviewed after being sentenced are usually more than happy to place the blame of their activities on some other circumstances. I personally believe that the popularity of these movies is due the natural interest of human beings to have some form of violence in their lives. In our highly evolved society, most forms of violence are shunned, except for â€Å"American football† and â€Å"action movies†. Both may seem mindless to some individuals, but in general, they are very popular among most men and women. In some very rare cases certain individuals tend to become violent after viewing this form of visual media but this may not necessarily be due to the television and could just be a natural trait of the person. Millions of people watch violent television every day, if this had a direct impact on a person we would be seeing a lot more violence then we are seeing today. A more realistic explanation for the correlation between criminals and violent television would be that the violent scenes just bring out the violent traits in some people, who are naturally violent.... Free Essays on Violence On Television It often seems like everywhere one looks, violence rears its ugly head. We see it in the streets, back alleys, school, and even at home. The last of these is a major source of violence. In many peoples' living rooms there sits an outlet for violence that often goes unnoticed. It is the television, and the children who view it are often pulled into its realistic world of violence scenes with sometimes devastating results. Much research has gone into showing why children are so mesmerized by this big glowing box and the action that takes place within it. Research shows that it is definitely a major source of violent behavior in children. "Violence on television does lead to aggressive behavior" (Methvin 49). ‘Nearly four decades of research on television viewing have documented the almost universal exposure of children to high levels of media violence’ (Norris, 187). Violence is a component characteristic of many television programs and unfortunately our lives. Every day we tend to watch news, and every day we hear that people were killed, robbed or tortured. What factors cause those violent and aggressive behaviors? Among broad other reasons such as mental health, personal characteristics and economic status there is the violence in media that gives people those nonsensical ideas and inspiration. Violence on television affects the behavior of children who are watching it. In fact, violence on TV causes children to be increasingly violent, and the effects could be life-long. â€Å"Some psychologists and psychiatrists believe that continued exposure to violence can speed up the impact of the adult world on a child’s life† (Douglas Carter T. V. Violence and the Child). Exposure to violent material can force the child into a kind of premature maturity. It even could make the child have awkward approach to adult problems and they might even develop a desire not to become adults. There is a link between television violence and vi... Free Essays on Violence on Television According to the psychological researcher, violence on television affects children negatively. Studies at the University of Pennsylvania have shown that children’s television shows contain about twenty violent acts each hour. They also showed that children who watch a lot of television are more likely to think the world is a mean and dangerous place. Watching violent television can cause people to act in violent ways (Mudore, 5) Children often behave differently after they’ve been watching violent programs on television. In one study done at Pennsylvania State University, about 100 pre-school children were observed both before and after watching television. Some watched cartoons that had many aggressive and violent acts. Others watched shows that didn’t have any kind of violence. The researchers noticed real differences between children who watched the violent shows and those who watched the non-violent ones. Children who watched the violent shows were more likely to strike out at playmates, argue disobey authority and were less willing to wait for things than those children who watched non-violent programs (Gerbner, n.pg). There are three major effects of seeing violence on television. First, children may become less sensitive to the pain and suffering of others. Next, children may be more fearful of the world around them. Also, kids may be more likely to behave in an aggressive ways towards others (Kalin, n.pg). One study found that children who watched many hours of television violence when they were in elementary school tended to also show higher levels of aggressive behavior when they became teenagers. By observing these youngsters until they were 30 years old, studies found that ones who had watched a lot of TV when they were 8 years old were more likely to be arrested and prosecuted for criminal acts as adults (Stern, 7). TV violence can have long-term effects on a child’s future. According to the Mediascope Nation...

Negotiation and Conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Negotiation and Conflict - Essay Example 2. Circumstances based on the Power factor: Under the circumstance that one party has more power than the other; the negotiation often progresses in favour of the more powerful person. This is mostly applicable in the case of employer – employee, jailor – prisoner, competitors, commitments, experienced – fresher, etc. (Herb Cohen, 2004, Pg 40 – 70) 3. Circumstances based on the information factor: This is applicable when one of the negotiating party’s has more information than the other. This is mostly applicable in relationships between manufacturer and wholesaler. But it is widely applicable in the all new ‘buy – from – China’ trend. This is due to the fact that the manufacturer has a deep knowledge of the production process and the costing of the product and under most cases the marketer of the product has none. (Herb Cohen, 2004, Pg 76 – 89) 4. Telephonic negotiation: Negotiation on the telephone is a whole lot tougher then it seems. Of course, it is easy to speak and curse the other party involved in the negotiation but the other party can do the same and telephonic negotiation will not only give you a chance to speak more fluently then in person but it will give the other party involved the same benefits and under most cases the caller loses because by calling your client or supplier you’ve already proven that you (the calling party) need him more then he needs you. 5. Information of BATNA (Better alternative to the negotiating agreement) (Lewicki, Roy J, Barry, Bruce and Saunders, David M, 2007): In the case you are already prepared with the BATNA and the other party comes to know of it. You may just as well suppose that you’ve already lost your present negotiation agreement and you might have to accept an agreement that is even worse off then the BATNA itself. Yes. I definitely consider Distributive bargaining as a dominant form for any negotiation strategy. This is due to the basic and known fact

Parliamentary Sovereignty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Parliamentary Sovereignty - Essay Example The constitutional status and the political role of the judiciary have been substantially altered by the European Communities Act 1972 and the Human Rights Act 1998. When England took up the membership of the European economic committee in 1973, the authority of judiciary improved significantly.As such, the authority to assess and deny parliamentary statutes was bestowed upon the judiciary, under circumstances when the statutes were not in compliance with community law. In particular, the European Communities Act 1972 gave legal effect to the subjection of the UK to existing and future Community law. This indicated acceptance of the direct applicability and supremacy of Community law over domestic law. Consequently, the domestic courts were conferred with important powers and jurisdiction.Although parliamentary sovereignty ensures that the British parliament, can at any point of time rescind the authority of EU law, by taking drastic measures, even to the extent of withdrawing from t he EU, it is now not economically or politically viable to take such an extreme decision and face the repercussions of doing so. The European Communities Act 1972, at Section 2, enjoins that every piece of parliamentary legislation has to be construed and applied in compliance with Community law. Hence, English law has to be interpreted as being subject to the principle of supremacy of Community law.For example, in Van Gend en Loos, it was held that a new legal order had come into existence, due to the Community.

Madonna and Child Paintings Throughout History

Madonna and Child Paintings Throughout History Through history, people had used art as a reflection of their religious beliefs and culture values. The illustration of Madonna and Child had been one of the most recurring arts in Christianity and European art in general. According to Christian beliefs, Madonna represents the virgin marry and the child represents baby Jesus. Thought these religious paintings and sculptures of The Madonna and Child may be along the same lines in their depiction of Christian iconography and artistic style, each carries a different taste and reflects the different time periods and the different artists that had created them. Three examples of these paintings are Madonna and Child, created by Berlinghiero from the Italian Maniera Greca period, Madonna and Child created by Duccio during the Italian Proto-Renaissance, and Madonna and Child with Angels created Cosimo Rosselli during the Early Italian Renaissance periods. When a viewer observe these three Italian paintings, the viewer would recognize a deve lopment that takes place through the three time periods which is from the early thirteenth century to later fifteenth century. Differences in these three paintings include the illustrations of the figures, drapery style, treatment of space, and inclusion or the exclusion of the viewer. Nonetheless, the paintings represent similar religious and cultural values since they all depict the Christian iconography of the Virgin Marry with baby Jesus. Madonna and Child is a very common Christian iconography that was seen through history since the Byzantine Empire. The painting Madonna and Child was painted around 1230 during the Italian Maniera Greca period by Berlinghiero, the outstanding painter of the thirteenth-century Lucca (Museum Label). This painting is tempera on wood with the two figures on front of a gold background. Madonna is wearing a huge dark blue cloak with golden decorations which covers most of her body and a reddish dress underneath the cloak that can only be seen in her arms. To show her modesty the only things that can be seen from her body are her face, neck, and hands. Her face shows a depressed feeling with the lines around her eyes and her small mouth that depicts a frown. Her hand has an unrealistic look which are elongated and skinny. According to the Museum label, Berlinghiero was always open to Byzantine influence, and this Madonna is of the Byzantine type known as the Hodegefria, in which the Madonna points to the child as the way to salvation. The Hodegefria illustrate the Christian values and the value of the B yzantine art. The Child is wearing an orange Clock that covers most of his body. He is seated on top of one of his mothers hands with his body tilted towards his mother and his head facing the viewer. One of his hand points towards the right and in the other hand he is holding a scroll that represent the religious scriptures, which carries a Christian iconography in which the scriptures represents the bible. Thought his is suppose to be a child his face is an adult like face, which also can be a religious iconography that show Jesus as a mature child who leads people to salvation. Berlinghieros Madonna and Child is inorganic and unrealistic when it comes to the drapery of the clothing and the treatment of space. The figures are also set in an awkward way with inorganic style of the body. There are many folds in the figures clothes which extreme for a realist dress. The treatment of space is missing in this painting, where the figures seem to be flat and the light source is not clear in depicting the space and atmosphere. This painting is similar in its drapery and treatment of space to the painting Madonna and Child Enthroned with Angels which is from the same time period. Thought the painting is unrealistic, it is still considered as a very great artistic work that depicts cultural and religious values of that time. Duccios Madonna and Child was created during the Italian Proto-Renaissance around 1300. Like the Berlinghieros painting, Duccios painting is tempera on wood with golden background. Moreover, Madonna is wearing a blue cloak with golden lines on the edges which covers most of her body. Madonna is looking at the Child who is trying to play with her checks and holding him with both of her hands. She seems to have a sad look with her tilted head towards her child. The Child or Jesus is also wearing an orange dress with a red cloak over his shoulders. Compare to the child from Berlinghieros painting, Duccios child is looks more like a normal child. We can see that the depiction of the child has developed to a more realistic and organic one. In this painting not only does the child looks realistic in his facial characteristics but with his childish movement while playing with his mother checks. The drapery style is more organic than that of Berlinghiero but is not totally realistic. It has a very heavy and earthy feeling with its huge curves and wrinkles. This painting also lacks the emphases of space, since the figures looks like flat on the golden background. This painting can be compared with Giottos paining Madonna Enthroned with Angels and Saints, which is from the same time period, where we can see similar drapery style and facial characteristics of the child. Furthermore, this painting also shows the counting religious values of Italian art. This painting, like all the Madonna and Child paintings, has the Christian values. The third painting is the Early Italian Renaissance painting Madonna and Child with Angels by Cosimo Rosselli which dates about 1480 to 1482. Thought this painting is made of tempera and gold on wood, it is much more complex than both of the other paintings. In this painting Madonna is dressed in a light red cloth and a light blue cloak floating over her head and shoulders while the child is shown nude, which is different than that of Berlingiero and Duccios paintings. The posture of the figures is also different; Madonna is holding the child with both of her hands to make him stand on top of a table. Although, the childs body is a little disproportional, the bodies of both figures are more organic and natural. The bodies do not have a longitude hands and awkward faces like the other two paintings, which show the development in artistic design of the figures. Moreover, Rossellis painting has a more developed drapery style and space treatment. The drapery is more organic with ordinary looking wrinkles. The treatment of space is also a lot more developed than the other two paintings. Since the other two paintings had the figures as if they are flat, this painting is more organic because the viewer can feel like the figures are close while the background is seems far. This painting also has a vanishing point that gives the painting the feeling of space. As seen in the three paintings of the Madonna and Child, we can see that art develops through the years. Even thought the paintings of Madonna and Child carries the same religious cultural values, one can see how the style of the painting changes over periods of time in its drapery style, space treatment, figures characteristics, and even the postures of the figures. As a result, we saw that the depiction of the Madonna and Child in the late fifteenth century is more complex and organic than that of the early thirteenth century.

Policy of Medicare System Essay

With the evolution of new drug-resistant strains of maladies in the contemporary period, scientists are now going back to nature in pursuit of pristine defenses. Says Dr. Robert Nash, research director of Molecular Nature in the United Kingdom, â€Å"Dandelions, sea pinks, nettles, even bluebells were used to treat diseases. There is a good reason for going back to see if there was anything behind these traditional uses† (Amundsen 132).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In our backyard, there is a bed of bluebells and never had it dawned on me that bluebells prove to have anti-virus and anti-cancer properties. That they were used in the 13th century against leprosy (Amundsen 155). Not that I would really want to prepare for any possible leprosy case that may stem at home; but the thought of having nifty bluebells in the garden can give comfort on good health and brainy ancestors.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the library, the books speak of one thing about healthcare; that it is the management of the resources of healing. Darrel Amundsen, in his book Medicine, Society, and Faith in the Ancient and Medieval Worlds, pointed up the wonder of natural medicines and traditional medicine. Stanley Reiser tells us of how medical care evolved from technological point of view. Dorothy Porter’s Social Medicine and Medical Sociology in the Twentieth Century talks about where the health care industry has drifted through different eras. It has had a major impact on how people perceive health on the whole. From the unborn and mothers to all the phases of childhood to the youth and the adults to the older people, health care has been in packages essential at various stages of the human being. Additionally, the practitioners have done a lot of education, investing awe-inspiring sum of finances and effort in educating the public. Professional patronizing and obscure terminology will give way to cooperative educational approaches, and client-oriented rehabilitation. This approach is estimated to provide the most appropriate package of health services suited to ensure a healthy well-being of all age groups. In every industrialized country, excluding the United States (U.S.), the provision of health care has become the financial responsibility of the state over the past 100 years. Taxes on both employers and workers and general tax revenues financed the health care insurance system. This was the procedure in Western Europe and Great Britain (Warner 360-368).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The exception of the U.S. can be credited to the native value the Americans placed on self-help and repulsion against dependency. After 80 years of anxiety, the federal government of the U.S. has accepted the system but with some degree of responsibility. When the medical care program was introduced to them, it has become a complex mix of public and private payments. The extent covered the maldistribution of resources and disproportions of access (Porter 9). Nevertheless, across the surveys, the U.S. health care system becomes the country’s largest employer. Approximately, 597,000 are physicians, 137,000 are dentists, 1.8 million are nurses, and nine million are field workers (Warner 356).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Administering the federal health care activities was charged to the Department of Health and Human Services. Health insurance comprises all forms of insurance against financial loss resulting from injury or illness. The most common health insurance coverage is for hospital care, including the physician services in the hospital. Major medical policies protect the insured against calamitous charges, paying a sum of that ranges from $10,000 to $1,000,000, after the policyholder has paid a preliminary deductible amount (Warner 371). Patients usually have out-of-pocket expenses since doctors’ charges are not entirely covered by the insurance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Overheads for healthcare services in the U.S. alone have been mounting sharply for about over a decade. Insurance coverage is potholed. Coverage for home care of the chronically ill is nigh on absent. A fixed sum is paid for a service except for hospital insurance. More often than not, this payment must be supplemented by the patient (Warner 358).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Problems also arose in the aspect of recruitment and distribution of physicians. About one-fourth of U.S. physicians were engaged in primary patient care. That included obstetrics, internal medicine, pediatrics, and family medicine. In the slums of big cities, physicians are sparse but profuse in the more affluent sub-urban areas (Porter 12). One of the more daunting areas of health care is the prohibitive cost of medicines. At present, there is no governing body that regulates the price of medicine. This means that the manufacturers dictate the prices. With this discretion, expectedly the prices could be set as high as excusably possible. To ornament with justice, their marketing strategy has spawned the mentality that â€Å"branded is better.† Came the managed healthcare system. The genesis of contemporaneous managed care can be trailed to the prepaid plans providing healthcare to rural, shipbuilding and construction workers in the U.S. in the 1920s and 1930s. Managed healthcare have likewise existed in ancient China when doctors were supposedly paid only while they kept their patients healthy. Although many of the procedures used by managed healthcare to regulate expenditures have existed in African countries for a time, it was only since the latter part of the 20th century that the concept of managed care has been both in full swing in an effort to provide Africa with low-priced quality healthcare and denigrated by others (Porter 10-11). But in the U.S., managed healthcare was only firmly established when briskly swelling healthcare costs in the 1970’s and 80’s led to the passing of legislation providing for the establishment of Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) (Warner 370).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   HMOs and the government has since then been on the lookout for effective alternatives. The government and the private sector all face the problem of financing the uncontrolled inflation of cost in the medical care program. Others blame it on the growing numbers of people who seek care. Some on the greater use of laboratory costs and of specialists in diagnosis and treatment (Reiser 16). Needless to say, the synergistic force of the sectors wanted programs that were cheap but were at least, effective.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hospitals were responding to increasing cost demands. They attempted to introduce more competent management schemes. Proprietary hospitals have found greater earnings in chain operations. Other efforts to slash costs included hiring less-expensive professional workers, like nurses and paramedics, in the hope of getting basic care to patients at a lower fee (Porter 10). The health care system has indeed been an entrepreneurial idea. However, paradox has it that in due time, antibiotics, vaccines, and other vital medicines will be short of availability at least, among the 5.6 billion people, according to the World Health Organization (Porter 18). Scarcity of producers of medicines has nothing to do with it. Maldistribution and capitalistic exploitation will make the medicines inaccessible to the poor. Over 40 million Americans have some form of heart or blood vessel disease, and the combined costs of treatment and lost income exceed 50 billion dollars annually. About 4 million people, 10 percent of those with cardiovascular diseases, have coronary artery disease. Because of these findings, the Framingham Study considers cardiovascular disease as one of the leading epidemiological diseases in the country. A more distressing fact rings throughout the Third World countries whose healthcare programs are financed by their governments on less than 1 percent cut from the gross domestic product (Porter 15-16). At this reality, whose son or daughter will not be underfed? Every major city had slum areas that housed the poor and unemployed, and declining farm incomes created rural poverty. Amid the growth and confidence of the postwar years, United States leaders initiated programs of aid to help people at home and abroad improve their way of life. Programs of domestic aid included funds for education, medical care for the poor, and urban renewal programs. International air programs begun soon after the war sought to help United States maintain economic and political stability (Fusfeld and Bates, 1984). Poverty-stricken people suffer from the lack of many things they need. For example, they are less likely to receive adequate medical care or to eat the foods they need to stay healthy. The poor have more diseases, become more seriously ill, and die at a younger age than other people do. Poor people often live in substandard housing in socially isolated areas where most of their neighbors are poor. Many low-income families live in crowded, run-down buildings with inadequate heat and plumbing. The jobs most readily available to the poor provide low wages and little opportunity for advancement. Many of these jobs also involve dangerous or unhealthful working conditions. Financial, medical, and emotional problems often strain family ties among the poverty-stricken. Furthermore, the healthcare system of countryside Americans is dense. For instance, Indians are lacking relative to their urban equivalents in many important ways that shape their health: they are unduly economically inferior, proportionately lesser are of working age, and they have not fulfilled as much of education. Topographical access is of principal interest in several rural states. Indians who reside in remote areas, comparatively far from urban areas or centers, sometimes find it hard to get in touch with healthcare personnel or services. In respect of urban inhabitants, rural dwellers have to trek farther to care and tackle other problems such as mediocre road and rail network, and short of public transportation. These problems are distinguished yet their resolution escapes the labors of the U.S. Legislature, and local governments. Culture is another driving factor, including influential customs (Nabokov). The Indians’ unfavorable health behaviors, employment of folk medication, the impact of traditional religion on healthcare, and estrangement from countrywide society all play a part to the way they care for their health. To make the decisions centralized, World Medical Association was founded as an organization of several of the world’s national medical associations. Instituted in 1947, this medical society has embraced an international code of medical ethics and many other ethical pronouncements. The center of operations is in Ferney-Voltaire, France (Porter, 2000). One of the pivotal epidemiological methodologies for an improved healthcare provision is an informed public. If the individual does not understand what he or she must do to preserve health and reduce his or her risk of a probable epidemiological disease, if he or she does not recognize when he or she needs outside help, and if he or she or members of his family are not prepared to take the appropriate steps to obtain this help, then all of the world’s medical knowledge will be of little value. The educational process that would prepare an individual to help preserve his or her own health and reduce his or her epidemiological risk should ideally begin in his or her youth when lifelong patterns are being formed, and continue throughout his or her adult life. A hospital management’s role is twofold: helping to build good health habits in the young, and serving as agents in adult health habits through public information and education programs designed to teach preservation of health and raise the general health consciousness of the people. The practicing physician, emergency medical services, the clinic or neighborhood health center, the hospital as a whole stand to be prepared in implementing medical line of defense. Even at times the nonmedical person who is on the scene when an acute emergency occurs are relied on. In order to be effective, the hospital carrying out the epidemiological measures, together with these individuals and services, are obliged and expected not only to be capable of providing healthcare, but must be prepared to do so in a manner that is acceptable and accessible to, and understood by, the public. The epidemiological measures of a hospital in this area shall also address such things as professional education, healthcare standards, and public information regarding access to care and services. Another approach is that which serves as the underpinning of the rest of the strategies and plans; it is the biomedical research to identify such epidemiological factors as dietary fats, smoking, hypertension, etc., that adversely affect human health and to devise methods for preventing, diagnosing, and treating these conditions and the diseases to which they contribute. In this regard, the hospital has a unique role to play, in that while they cannot the huge sums needed for large-scale clinical trials or epidemiological studies, they claim to have an excellent mechanism for supporting young investigators who are juts beginning their research careers, helping them gain the experience and results necessary to compete for larger grants in the national and international arenas. The emphasis is practically placed on the support of quality research projects having high merit ratings. To adequately develop such improved measures by Medicare, it should have the hospital require a programmed effort that first takes into consideration the fact that the hospital cannot be all things to all people. It may have quite limited resources in terms of money, volunteers, and staff in other departments, and the need for each of these resources may always seem to exceed the supply. Since there are numerous programs and activities that are capable of improving health of the patients to some degree, hard choices must be made regarding the disposition of these resources. This implies priority setting, which is made more efficient by the establishment and implementation of a hospital-wide, goal-oriented, long-range planning process. Such a process helps the hospital focus its epidemiological measures on high yield, cost-effective projects that either help prevent the healthcare provision, or provide ongoing relief and control, yielding the highest return on time and money invested. All in all, medical institution evolved across time to deal with problems of health and disease using epidemiological measures that are based on mortality, morbidity, disability, and quality. More specifically, medical institution was perceived performing a number of key functions in modern societies. First, it treats and seeks to cure disease. Second, the medical institution attempts to prevent disease through maintenance programs, including vaccination, health education, periodic checkups, and public health and safety standards (administrative medicine). Third, it undertakes research in the prevention, treatment, and cure of health problems (preventive medicine). And fourth, it serves as an agency of social control by defining some behaviors as normal and healthy and others as deviant and unhealthy. Although health care can take its roots back when one of the greatest achievements of civilization was the naissance of medicine, real health comes from within. The quality of life of an individual is governed by the swelling bearing of his positive personal health-seeking activities and behaviors. And with the help of heath care, tomorrow’s health centers will fill out today’s precision diagnostic services with equally scientific self-care and wellness programs. Future healthcare will increasingly concede to the empowerment of the individual. Perhaps the way healthcare began more than two thousand years back differs from the way it will continue in the next two thousand years or so. The gods may still have a role but not for the folks to plead to for kinder nature. A common Supreme Being might then take the place of them and be prayed to in exchange for a kinder world. If in the past, the causes of illnesses may have been shared between man and nature, from this time forth, diseases would be brought about by the caustic arms of industrialization.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Whose healthcare would not be needed most in the midst of volatile worldwide climate and industrial population? Typhoons come and leave natural borne diseases. McDonald’s open their stores and send resentful stomachs to the healthcare clinics. Who would not consequently draw a smart plot from the commercial appeal of healthcare? For healthcare, this means an upsurge in affliction as well as a digression of resources away from healthcare toward reform. The pandemonium disrupts food supplies, infectious diseases multiply, and alarm triggers stress-induced illnesses. The beginnings of medical care may have been deemed mad and laughable. Then again, its inheritance, with the help of worsened worldwide scenarios, is rendering the underprivileged mad and the moneyed having the last laugh. References Amundsen, Darrel W. (1996). â€Å"Medicine and faith in early Christianity.† Medicine, Society, and Faith in the Ancient and Medieval Worlds. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. Chambers, Donald and Kenneth Wedel. Social Policy and Social Programs: A Method for the Practical Public Policy Analyst, 4th edition. Pearson Publishing. Fusfeld, Daniel R., and Timothy Bates. (1984). The Political Economy of the Urban Ghetto. Southern Illinois University Press. McDaniel, W. B. (1959). â€Å"A view of 19th century medical historiography in the United States of America.† The History of Medicine. Nabokov, Peter. Native American Testimony: A Chronicle Of Indian-White Relations From Prophesy To The Present (1492-1992). Penguin Publishing. Porter, Dorothy E. (1975). Social Medicine and Medical Sociology in the Twentieth Century. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. Reiser, Stanley J. (1984). â€Å"The machine at the bedside: Technological transformations of practices and values.† The Machine at the Bedside: Strategies for Using Technology in Patient Care. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Warner, Martin S. (1985). Medical Practice and Health Care During the Revolutionary War and Early National Periods. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.